EASI

February 22, 2011

MARISOL MIRANDA:  Hello. I'm Marisol Miranda from EASI, Equal Access to Software and Information. And I want to welcome you all to the seminar on accessible and useable PDF documents. Today's presenter is Karen McCall. Hi, Karen. Now I'm going to turn the mike over to Norm Coombs. Hi, Norm. 

 NORM COOMBS: My computer is doing something funny. Let me just check, am I coming through? Okay. I want to point to several things coming up in the near future. The first one is tomorrow. We're going to do some stuff on learning disabilities which we've searched on over the years. And tomorrow we have a series on low tech tools to help people with learning disabilities. And we have a tree that's being delivered for us by AE Drafen, a teacher and special ed person from England. So she'll be talking to us at 7 o'clock our time. But this hour for us, whatever hour it is for you. For me, it's 11 in the morning. Then in early March, we have two more free public ones. One on HTML 5. I hear everybody talking about it but I don't understand too much. So we'll get some introduction to HTML 5. I gather it's still very much in development stage. So it will be changing all the time for a while to come. Then we have one on the webbing on the wave accessibility checker explaining what it is how it works and then show how you can use it to do repairs on your web pages. And then for the month of March, one Tuesday Tuesday 8, Tuesday 22 and 29, we're skipping Tuesday the 15th because many of us will be at the CSUN convention. Series of learning disabilities and we'll be focusing some general background. Then we'll be looking at 3,000, text tell and win. So this is a part of our paid series which is also free, obviously, to our webinar members. So you can learn about those register for them by going to our webinar page, easy dot C C and look for webinars and that should get you to them. Our recording for this series will probably be available to you for several weeks. Certainly for all of March and probably April. And again, let me just remind you, you'll get to that by going to EASI dot C C slash archive slash PDF 2011 slash resources dot HTML. So that's the sales pitch for now and we'll go back to Karen and let her finish up this knowledge packed series on accessible PDF. Karen, it's all yours.

KAREN McCALL:  Hi, Norm. Thank you. I'm going to apologize in advance because I am expecting a courier delivery and I was hoping that it would come before two because they usually come between one and three. But no such luck. So I apologize for having to leave the conference room should the courier arrive. But I will make my departure and return as smooth as I can. We are going to finish up the series on accessible PDFs today. My slide didn't advance. There we go. By looking at some of tools and techniques that we have in Acrobat itself. So the repair tools in Acrobat, how to create PDF from a selection. And that actually uses a clipboard. It's one of the improvements in Acrobat X. If you happen to use this technique. I don't recommend it. But in a pinch, it might do. Also how to create tag from the selection. So if you have some content that isn't in your PDF document and it's not letting your touch up reading order tool select it, how can you add it or how can you make any repairs within Acrobat itself using the create tag from selection tool. Take a look from the touch up or order tag or order panel. How to create a new tag. So manually adding tags to a document. And reflow and read out loud. So let's get started. I don't have as many slides as I did last week. But I do have 40 slides. Just a reminder of our hierarchy of tag. If you open a document and you're not sure what it is, you immediately ask yourself the following question: Is it a scanned document? If it is a scanned document, you need to perform OCR on it before you do anything. Does it have form controls? If it has form controls, you add the form controls before you proceed. Does it have links? If it does, then you add the links to the document before you proceed. Once you've gone through those steps, then you tag the document. If you add form controls to a tagged document, they will not work or they will not work effectively. What I've seen is that basically they won't work.

However, I've added that other caveat just in case you do get them to work but they may be out of order, they may be corrupt. If it's already tagged, then you repair the document, unless you're going to put form controls in, in which case you delete the tags tree. And start adding the form controls. I was doing some workshops last week and managed, as usual, to come across some interesting issues in a PDF document that I had never come across before. And I was reviewing a Word document this morning and even though someone had used styles in the document, whoever had been working on the document used kind of a one off thing. So when the document tagged, everything that used the one off formatting disappeared from the Word document. So something to be aware of. And another really good reason that you should train your staff on using your templates and making sure that people who are working on your documents, know what those styles are in your document. So I myself, after all of these years, am always surprised by PDF documents and some of the things that I find. In Adobe Acrobat you can create PDF from several different media. You can create from a standard, you can create from clipboard, you can create a PDF, you can create a portfolio. Do not create a portfolio. They are not accessible. Adobe has been working on accessibility of portfolio which was an accessible flash application but it's not quite there yet. And in Acrobat X, even though I can open a portfolio and I can find the file name in a portfolio, I cannot use the find tool.

So a portfolio, for those of you who haven't looked at this before, portfolio is a collection of files. Things get stored in alphabetical order and you can move through those files. As we discussed in week one, you don't want to create a portfolio because it did start out in Acrobat 8 as an inaccessible flash application. And although they have done some improvements, you still can't search a portfolio using adaptive technology and be able to locate the search results. The way that you would create from is to open Acrobat and then choose file then create. And in our case, for this example, it's PDF from clipboard. What this allows you to do is to actually copy text to the clipboard, that can include an image. When you choose this option to create a PDF from a clipboard, that brings the content into Acrobat. Unlike Acrobat nine, it will tag the content. I was pleasantly surprised at this improvement because in Acrobat 9 when I did this, it produced an untagged PDF. Now that was using Acrobat 9 before any service packs or update. As a reminder ‑‑ my slides got out of order and I didn't see it. As a reminder, we do have F2 for tag editing. So you can locate the tag in the tags tree, press F2 which will put you into edit mode. For example, if you have a P tag, you can simply delete the P and type in H1 and that will make it a heading level one. You then press enter to confirm the change. And if you are testing this using adaptive technology, you do have to save the document and close it and then open the document again. So create PDF from clipboard. This image shows you the process through the file menu.

Again, you're going to choose file, create, and PDF from clipboard. This is an image of the resulting PDF. Now the first time I tried this, I simply chose a heading and some text from Microsoft Word document. And when I created the PDF from clip board, you can see from the tags here that the heading one came through and that everything was tagged as a paragraph. So thinking ahead, because most of my books and brochures do have images, I then created a PDF from a piece of a Word document that had an image in it and the Alt text did come through. This is an image of the text that I copied from Word. I did file, create, PDF from clipboard and what I've done is opened up the properties dialog for that figure tag so that you can see that the Alt text did come through with that copied information from the clipboard. So again, if you have a small piece of a document that you need to create a PDF from, and ironically I was looking this morning on how to create a PDF document from a single page of a Word document and I'm still looking for the ability to do that. I mean, I can do that if I use print to PDF but then that creates an untagged PDF document. If I had really been thinking, I could have done this to see what the results were. There is a bug that I will tell you in Acrobat 9 and Acrobat X. And it has to do with images in Word documents. In my books and brochures, I always use the picture styles because I think that it makes the images stand out more on the page. So I put a thin black border around it. It is a picture style in the design or layout sub ribbon for drawing tools. If I do that, all of the figures in my document get thrown to the top of the tags tree.

What this means is that as someone goes through my document, they're going to come across every figure in the document before they come across any text. Fortunately I always put captions with my images and for me, the fast repair is to simply put those images in the background as artifacts because screen readers will have access to the caption. If I don't put the picture styles on the images, there is still a bug in that all of the pictures on a page are going to be at the very last tags for that page no matter where those images are on the page. So for example, if I come into page three and there's an image at the top of page three, it's going to be the last tag on the page. Adobe does know about these two bugs and I think they're working on them. I'm hoping. But just so that you know, you may have to move your tags around the page. If you don't use picture styles. And if you do use picture styles, then it's advisable that you use captions so you can just quickly go through your document, put the images in the background and people using screen readers will still have access to the caption text. So here we go. Boy, I was finding that the last 3 weeks my desktop computer was a little slow in advancing slides and it's the same thing with my laptop. This is just a reminder that highlight content is your very best friend. And you do have the ability to highlight content in the tags tree. With anything selected in the tags tree, press your application key or your right mouse button and highlight content is the second item from the bottom.

So you can quickly use your up arrow. I'm so fast at doing that that I forget what the actual keyboard command is. I think it's eight but I'm not sure. So don't quote me on that. You can also highlight content in the control or sorry, in the order panel. In the order panel it's on by default. So that as I move through an item that's on the page in the order panel, it changes color on the screen. So I can actually see which of the numbers has the focus on the page so I can decide what to do with that. And this is the tool that I use when I put those images in the background. I quickly go through the order panel as the images are selected, I press my application key in the order panel and then press K for background. So I can quickly move through the document putting things in the background. And also reviewing whether everything got tagged or not. As I've mentioned previously, you may have some documents that are flawed and fragile and you will not be able to get a correct order in the order panels. Concentrate on the tags. The adaptive technology reads the tags. It would be nice if both places were uniform. But if you cannot order things in the order panel because things disappear, things break, all heck breaks loose, then concentrate on ensuring that the tags are in their logical reading order and that the tags are correct. If you do have to work in the content panel, most of the time if you have to work in the content panel it's because you found non Unicode characters. Typically these are bullets coming from desk top publishing documents. Although there will be sometimes when pieces of the document will be tagged as inaccessible content which means they're not going to show up in the order panel. Or if you use the touch up reading tool, the only way you're going to find them is to go through every piece of content and that includes the background decorative images, gridlines, everything that is on that page is represented in the content panel. I don't recommend that you work in the content panel if you're working on an essential necessary document. Go and take a look at the content panel and do some research and development on it for a document that is not important and you don't have a deadline for. Ideally the content panel is kind of the policeman between the order panel and the tags, is how it was explained to me.

So everything that's on the pages represented on the content panel, the order panel is kind of a satellite view, did everything on the page that needs to be tagged, get tagged? And is it assigned a logical order number. And then the tags are more of the granular pieces and whether they were tagged correctly. The touch up reading order tool floats over your document. In Acrobat X, it is no longer in a tool bar and you can't get at it from the menu because that menu is now gone. So the touch up reading order tool is accessible only if you use the tool bars that appear to the right of your document. As I've mentioned, there's a lot of incessant arrowing around to find what you want and then pressing on what you want. What I do is press F24, I will go to the order panel and I can right click in the order panel and show the touch up reading order tool. So for a lot of the things that I used to do by menu, I'm now finding ways to do in the navigation pane that runs along the left hand side of the document to try and save me time. I still haven't found a way to save time to do an accessibility full check other than getting rid of every tool bar panel at the right of my document and only having the accessibility panel open. So you can use the touch up reading order panel because it floats over the document, I'll typically start with the order pane because that is in a confined area. I have a better view of my document. And now that we have the navigation pane on the left and the tool bar panel things on the right, more of the screen real estate is being taken up with application pieces rather than my document itself. So I want to make sure that at least in going through the document, for the first time, I see as much of the document as possible without having to move that floating touch up reading order panel out of my way.

Sometimes you can fix things in the order panel that it doesn't let you fix in the touch up reading order tool. And I know that the two of them are connected. It's just depending on the document that you're working with, if one doesn't let you do something, try using the other one. This is an illustration of the order panel. So you have a page which would be sort of a second level ‑‑ your top level is the document name itself. And then you have the page numbers and under the page number are the pieces of content that are numbered. It's not going to show you individual paragraphs. It's not going to tell you whether lists have been tagged correctly. Whether head headings have been tagged correctly. Even though you can choose something and apply a heading style, it's still only represented as a block of text with a number. So think of the order panel as kind of the, and the touch up reading order tool as kind of the satellite views of the document to make sure that everything that should be tagged has a tag. This is the order panel showing the context menu open. And at the bottom of that context menu are exactly the same buttons that you find in the touch up order reading tool. So put in the background is the letter K. Quickly I can press my application key as I'm moving down the contents in the order panel, I can quickly press my application key. Press K and that item that is selected in the order panel is immediately put into the background. So I can make the artifacts as I go. I can put pieces in the background that actually do have a number in the order panel into the background as I go. And for those empty spaces in Word document, those blank lines, I can do that as well. So I can tidy up my document using the order panel. This is an image of the touch up reading order panel and you can see that it floats across the screen. And in this image it's floating, I actually moved it over to the right of my screen so that I still have a fairly decent view of my document. Another thing that you can do so that it doesn't necessarily float over the document is to zoom in, no, zoom out on the document and put it at about 75‑85 percent zoom. So that you have room to the side of your document to put the panel. This will depend on what your repair is. There are some repairs that you actually need to zoom in to 400, 600, 1200 percent in order to be able to select something to make a repair.

So my other advice to you is that don't be afraid to use the zoom tool. It's not just a tool for accessibility. It's also a very valuable repair tool. I use a lot of the tools that we think of in terms of accessibility as repair tools in any application that I'm working in. This is an image of the touch up reading order tool and on the left is an image of what it looks like when you have nothing selected on the page. So I haven't used a hand to actually select a block of content on the page. As soon as I select the block of content on the page, then the buttons become active in the touch up reading order panel. And I have some choices and some options. I don't always have the option to make something a table. And I don't always have the option to make something text. It will depend on where the document came from, nor do I always have the option to make something a figure. It depends on where the document came from and whether I am able to actually select something or not.

Also in the touch up reading order tool [Indiscernible] I'll talk about that as we go through the options for the touch up reading order tool. If you don't know the codes for table structure, you can use the table editor, and in fact you can use the table editor to make several changes at the same time. Oh, here we go. Table inspector. I think at one time it was called the table inspector. But now it's called table editor. So I really need to change the title of this set of slides. The top image shows you the table as I selected it. As soon as I select the table using the hand tool, I have the touch up reading order panel open, I select the table and then I choose table editor. What happens is that the touch up reading order panel disappears from my screen. However, every cell in the table is outlined in red. The second image in this slide shows what happens if I right click the mouse with the table editor active. So I do have some table editor options and then I do have some cell property options. And it's the cell property options that you want to work with because that's going to allow you to change something from a table data cell to a table header cell. One thing you'll notice in the options image which is on the left of this slide is that there are a lot of colors that are chosen so that you can distinguish different types of cells from each other. When you first open your touch up reading order panel, all of the colors are based on black. So text is identified as black. Figures are identified as black. Tables are identified as black. If you're reviewing the slide presentation, take a look at what I've done with mine. And it's something that I recommend. As soon as you open your touch up reading order panel, go down to those three color palettes and choose really outrageous colors that you can see. And choose a different color for text and a different color for figures. You'll notice that if you look at some of my images, I have the text in yellow. I have the figures will have a bright blue X or a fuchsia X through them. The tables will be that bright blue. I find if I go in and change the color palette to things that are really bright and vibrant that they are much easier to see. Because using the order panel and the touch up reading order tools are very visual. And although I can go down the order panel with my screen reader, there are things that I can't do if I'm using a screen reader. Using the touch up reading order panel to select content on the actual PDF page is something that I can't do using my screen reader.

So one of the things I recommend is that you change those colors to something outrageous and bright. But make sure that you can see them. The dialog on the right hand side of the slide is a dialog of the page properties. Starting with Acrobat 9, you were also able to apply the scope attribute to columns and rows in a table. As well as changing the identification of the cell from a TD or table data cell to a TH or a table header cell. And this is where I suggest that if you're not too familiar with the actual tags for a table, that you use the table editor to come in and make those changes. One of the options you want to turn on is the ability to show the labels for the table cells. And this is an image that shows the labels for those table cells. So I can quickly see which cells are a TD and which cells are TH. I can right click on either the TH or the TD, open my table cell properties and modify that. So I can change the role that that cell has in my document. I can hold down the control key and click several table data cells at the same time. When I press the right mouse button and choose table cell properties, I can make all of those individual table header cells at the same time. So that was one of the things that I meant by you can make more than one change at a time using the table editor rather than going through the tags tree. Last week I talked to you about creating a tag from selection. And this is how you do it. These are the steps.

So I have some content that is in the tags tree and it's either mixed up with other content or maybe it got missed. And the touch up reading order tool is not allowing me to select it to create the tag. So then I immediately go into the tags tree and see if I can do it there. Because sometimes if I can't create it in the tags tree, I can create it using the touch up reading order panel. If I can't create it using the touch up reading order panel, I can create it using the tags tree. And then you have those really flawed documents that it just won't tag at all no matter what you do. So the images that I have here are the select text tool which is to the immediate left of the hand in the tool bar that goes across the top of the application. And the select object tool is no longer in the advanced editing tool bar. The advanced editing tool bar is found under the content tool bar panel to the right of the document and it's the very last item under add text ‑‑ or edit text or object. So I can select the text in the document and create the tag. Now the strategy I was talking to you about last week was to actually open the tag just above it. And add your new tag. If you choose the tag root and then choose new tag, it's going to put your new tag at the very bottom of the tag tree. So you don't want to do that. If your document, if your tag tree has sections or parts, if you highlight the selection or the part tag and add the tag, it's going to be at the bottom of that section or part so you're going to have to drag it up into place. So what I do is I actually open the tag that is just before it and I select the content. I then press my application key and I choose new tag. And what happens is that the new tag dialog opens. And because I'm so familiar with the tags, I generally just type in the name of the tag that I'm looking for or that I want to create.

There is a list and I believe you can use first character navigation in it. So I'm going to create a paragraph tag and the image for the new tag dialog is in the upper [Indiscernible] right, you see that the new paragraph tag has been added just underneath the text for the tag in the previous paragraph tag. I then select the text in the document and sometimes I'll be able to do it with the mouse. If you can't do it with the mouse, try doing it with the keyboard because I often find that if I can't select something with the mouse, I have more accuracy and I'm able to do it using the keyboard. I then return over to the empty paragraph tag, right click and choose create tag from selection. What happens then is that the tag gets ‑‑ or the content gets added to that empty paragraph tag and then the only thing that remains is for me to move that paragraph tag up underneath the previous one and this is the process just before I move it out. So we have the previous paragraph, the content is open for the previous paragraph. And I have my new content under its new paragraph tag nested underneath that. So then I just drag that new paragraph tag ‑‑ I didn't include that picture, sorry. Just underneath or just at the same level as the paragraph tag before it. And that saves a lot of time because I don't have to go looking for that new tag that I've created. I am working right where I want to work. I can use the highlight content to select that previous paragraph content so I can make sure of what I'm selecting. It just keeps everything that I'm working on in that very small area of the tags tree. The other thing that you can do, if someone has used a style that wasn't like a heading style.

So for example, I've created Karlen one that is supposed to be a heading but I didn't base it on an existing heading style. I can quickly use the role map in the PDF document to say every time you see the Karlen one tag, I want it to be interpreted, I want its role to change to be an H1. When that happens, then I, using my screen reader, I'm able to get a list of headings in that document and everything is included. This is a reminder of what that process might look like in Microsoft Word. So I have the ‑‑ I'm sorry, these are too small in my laptop. One of these has the style based on the normal paragraph style. And the other image has the new custom style heading style based on heading one. And it's just so that you can see the difference. As we talked about when we were doing like the work in Microsoft Word. So I go into the tags tree and I find ‑‑ actually I can select anywhere in the tags tree. I can even have my focus on the tag root. I press my right mouse button or my application key and about halfway down the context menu is edit role map. You also have edit class map. Don't choose that. Choose edit role map. What happens is that a dialog opens and then at first you just see the name of the document. So you need to press your right arrow and expand that. Go down and find the style that you need to map. So in this case it would be Karlen one. And there is a button immediately underneath your list of tags and roles called change item. When you choose change item, a smaller dialog opens up and you can type in, and I have to go, here comes my courier. So Norm, can you take any questions and remind people of the other webinars and I should just be less than a minute.

NORM COOMBS:  Well if nobody has immediate questions, just kind of get a cup of coffee. Karen will be back in a minute. She had a package being delivered and had to go to her door.

 I have a question. I forgot I had my computer locked. She said if you have an image PDF, the first thing you have to do ‑‑ by the way, this is Ken Sewicki, sorry about that, from antelope valley college. In wonderful Lancaster, California. Anyway, she said if you had a PDF that was an image, the first thing we have to do is OCR it. What do you use to OCR it? An engine that's within Adobe or can you use something like omni page or curse while or something like that.

NORM COOMBS:  Well you can check with Karen when she comes back. I assume you normally use the one that's in Adobe if that's what you were working in. Basically you can use anything so long as you got a good clean text copy of it. Anybody else have a comment on Ken's question?

KAREN McCALL:  Yes, I'm back. You use the OCR in Acrobat. That's what's recommended. You could try and use something like abby find reader. But if you're working in PDF, you're going to have to convert if back into PDF. I'm not sure if you would have to create a tagged PDF and [Indiscernible] whenever you do that, you always run the risk of content being missed or something being mis-tagged. So when I talk about using ‑‑ when I talk about doing scanning, I'm talking about using the OCR tool that is in Acrobat. All right. So here we are editing our role map and the image on the left shows the small dialog over the edit role map dialog that indicates you can put the new role that you want this to be. I've typed H1 and then I've clicked okay. And you can see in the image on the right that now Karlen 1 instead of being a P or paragraph is now going to have the role of a heading one in the document. So in effect, I've changed the rule that that style has had in the document even though the document author didn't apply a heading style to that style. This image shows you the difference that it makes in terms of screen reader access. The image on the left shows you the list of headings and there are one, two, three, four, five, six headings in the document that were seen as headings. Once I changed the role map for that Karlen one, I now have a more substantial list of headings because it's included every place that Karlen one appears in the tags tree, every place that style was used in Microsoft Word and then converted to my tagged PDF, is now being interpreted as a heading level one and my screen reader picks it up. So that's one way if the document author has used a style but hasn't based it on anything. You still have the option of editing the role map. Alt text on images, objects or equations.

Now the caveat to equations is that with Alt text we either listen to all or nothing. So if you have a complex equation and you're using the formula tag for it, you could try and write out the formula long hand which is the solution. However, if someone doesn't understand that formula, they have to listen to that Alt text over and over and over again because I can't go through it in the same way I can go through a document. I can't go through it character by character, I can't go through it segment by segment. One of the things I recommend if you're dealing with equations is that you either attach a file from design science, if you know that students are using design science or you attach, if it's just going out globally, so it's a research paper or something like that, and it has equations or formula in it, then you simply take either a notepad document or a plain generic Word document and you write out the equations in longhand. And I mean you write out the word divided by, square root of, cosign of, so that someone can go through those formulas piece by piece and actually examine them. Alt text is not a place to write an essay. Adaptive technology has buffers. And each adaptive technology has a different ‑‑ a number of characters in the buffer. So there is no, what is the magic number. Because that's usually the next question I get asked. So if adaptive technology has a buffer, what is that buffer. Each adaptive technology has a buffer.

So what you need to do is be able to describe that image in one or two sentences. If it is a complex chart or a visio diagram or something like that, again, use either notepad or Word, create a very plain document that describes the image. Write state university and the [Indiscernible] did a nice project back in 2000 or 2001 called a picture is worth 300 words. They set out guidelines for describing pieces of art. One of the criteria is that you remain objective. That you don't sort of put yourself in and your own interpretations into the description. If you're an instructor, if it's a textbook, then you do want to do that. But that general rule of 300 words, you know, not writing an essay. Being able to describe what is going on in that image in very few words as possible. It's going to be more than what you would have in Alt text but less than what you would have in an essay. And in that case, the Alt text for images where you have a attached to the PDF document. You don't tell people to go out to another website because we'll never do that. But attaching the document to the PDF, the Alt text would be chart of at detail descriptions attached to this PDF. And then we can open up the attachments area and quickly find the appropriate attachment for your description. If you open the properties dialog, you'll also notice that there is an area for actual text. You use actual text if someone has created an image of text. For example, word art. Before you used to be able to create word art to be accessible, it would come in as an image. If someone had used word art as a heading, what happens is it doesn't require Alt text because all it is is the text. The difference in the way that it is perceived and integrated into the document. An actual text attribute is integrated more like text. Whereas Alt text is integrated more like an alternate description for the content in the document. It may appear that the differences is subtle. But there is a difference. And this is why we have those two different categories.

This is the Alt text dialog. And you'll notice in the middle of the Alt text dialog we have the alternate text. Just above that we have for the actual text. If the Alt text for the image or actual text is different than the document, you can also change the language at this point so that the language is property for what you're doing. You can also copy and paste information into the actual text or alternate text edit areas. The next thing we're going to cover is making accessible links. And there are three ways to create accessible links. If your document is not tagged, you're going to go into document processing and then create links from URLs. And when you do that, you'll be told how many links have been created in the document. So if you know the document has five links and it says a total of four links were created, you know that one of them was missed. Generally this tool is looking for the HTTP colon slash slash. It's not looking for the www.. so if you know, if you're familiar with the document, if you've gone through to see how many links there are in the document and you know that some of them are www.then you can assume that one of those hasn't been caught. You can then either use the link tool which is in the content tool bar under edit text or objects. Or you can use the select text tool which would automatically create the alternate text for your link. All of this should be done before your document is tagged. However, you can ‑‑ oh, I need to go back. However, you can go ‑‑ let me go back to my previous slide. You can go into a document and repair the link to make it accessible.

At the very bottom of this slide, and I'm on the accessible links slide, I've gone back to it. At the very bottom of this slide I have in a correct link. And a proper link has 2 pieces in it. Well three. It has the link tag and then it also has the link OBJR and underneath that it will have either the mail to if it's a mail address, or it will have the long web address. You need both parts of that. It may not have the mail to, it may just have the person's e‑mail address, come to think of it. But you need both parts of it. You need the actual where it's going, either to an e‑mail address or to a web page. And you need the link OBJR. So if one of those is missing, then your link is not going to work from the keyboard. And this is what I see coming from desk top publishing documents. I may be able to get my fingers over it and click on a link and it will open with a mouse, I may be able to get that link in a list of links from JAWS but the minute I select that link from the list of links from JAWS and press enter, absolutely nothing happens. In testing links coming from desk top publishing documents, you need to be diligent in making sure that they are keyboard accessible. If you are working with an untagged PDF document, you need to make sure that when you create the links that both pieces of those links are there. Here are the various tools that you can use to create a link. On the far left I have the select text tool. In the middle, the image is of the content panel with the edit text or object open. And you'll see that link is, I think it's the first item. And then on the far right I have the document processing tool bar panel thing open to the right of the document. And the item create links from URLs is there. So that is where you start. You start by creating the link from URLs in an untagged document. If you do have to add a link, once you either use the link tool, as soon as you select the web address. And here's where the zoom comes in handy because if a link is integrated into a paragraph, you're going to need to magnify or zoom in on it so you only select the text for that link. You don't select any of the surrounding text. So select the text for the link, for example, HTTP colon blah blah blah.com. And as soon as you let your left ‑‑ yeah, left mouse button go, because you're drawing diagonally across it, it's going to open the create link dialog. I usually make my links invisible. The default is visible.

But I usually make them invisible so they blend into the document. The bottom half of this dialog I choose the radio button to open a web page and then I click next. And I can then either copy and paste or I can type in the URL. I can type in the link. And here is that dialog available to you. Then I click okay. And the link is created in the document. So those are going to be your basic tools. You're going to be adding Alt text to images that don't have Alt text. You're going to be repairing tags, adding content, adding links if you have an untagged PDF using the clear scan OCR tools if you have a scanned document. And editing the role map if you have a document that has come from Microsoft Word or some other application where they've at least used styles and the styles are represented in the tags tree. Because it just saves so much time. You edit the role map and everywhere that style is used, that style takes on that role in the document. So if you do need more information, I do have several books including ‑‑ oh, I'm working on one called accessible tagged PDF from InDesign. And I'm just in the outline stages of that. So don't everybody e‑mail me at once but it is in the works. I also do workshops on using redaction tools both in legal documents both in Word and Acrobat. I have a book on creating accessible Word 207 document. I have a regular edition and legal edition which includes redacted information. Creating accessible PowerPoints. And I also do training on creating accessible forms. And as I said, one of the reasons I love doing the workshops and this webinars is that I always learn something new. Every time I open a PDF document, it's potentially a new learning experience. Here are my publications. I'm not going to ‑‑ I'm going to be shameless here and just list my books.

So I have accessible and useable PDF documents. Techniques for document authors which is in its second edition and I'm working on a third. The logical document structure for Word 2007. The logical document structure hand book ‑‑ I am working on the 2010 version. As soon as I finish the final edits for my one note book [Indiscernible] there is the Karlen Communication website and there is some, if you're working with Microsoft Word, there are some documents that you can download for free on using style sets. And let me see, I did put an entire workbook up there of all the ribbon, sub ribbon commands or Office 2007. If you have any questions about the content or particular documents, then for the next couple of weeks, please e‑mail info at Karlen communications.com. I've also given you the link for the Adobe accessibility website and the PDF universal access working group that is working on standards for accessible PDF documents. So this 4 weeks has been an overview. Last week I did three entire days of workshops on accessible PDF documents. So this has been an overview that hopefully will get you started or reaffirm the work that you're doing. Because sometimes knowing that you're on the right track and you're doing things correctly when you're faced with really nasty PDF, that can be very comforting. So if you have so if any questions, I'll answer questions now.

 I don't know did anyone hear my question?

 No, we didn't. Try it again.

 Thanks, Norm. Yeah, Christy Blew asked [Indiscernible] just did a project where it created the same document in Word 2003 and 2010, then made the PDF using the converters and there was actually some differences between the documents.

KAREN McCALL: Yeah. This happens. I found that the tagging has gotten better. I don't know if that was your experience when you looked at the two different versions of Word. When Acrobat nine came out, there were huge differences between the way a document got tagged if it were a DOC document versus a DOCX document, as we get more support for the DOCX format, the tagging is getting better. For me because I can't install Acrobat X on my system and use Adobe add in, I'm using a 64‑bit version of office on my documents, you use the Microsoft add in. When I do occasionally take my document over to my other picture, I do have a 32‑bit [Indiscernible] you will get differences between 2007 and 2007 and 2003 and 2007.